Розмір шрифту:
Study of the Co-Cr dental implants produced by laser powder bed fusion technique
Остання редакція: 2021-05-06
Анотація
Nowadays, three dimensional (3D) printing technologies is increasingly used for medical application, especially in dental industry due to the ability to print of complexly shaped and precisely crafted products, reducing manufacturing costs [1]. The 3D printing technologies using a computer-aided design (CAD) data obtained directly from clients by advanced scanning technology can be easily adapted to make of customized specific dental products. It should also be noted that currently the manufacturers of the 3D-printed metal or non-metal bioimplants are basically taken responsibility and liability for the quality requirements.
3D printing technologies such as a laser stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), selective laser sintering (SLS), and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are mainly used in field of prosthetic dentistry in recent years [2]. In particular, the powder bed fusion process works on the principle of selectively melting layer by layer metal powder using a laser beam or electron beam [3]. The typical biomaterials used are mainly resins, ceramics or biocompatible metals and their alloys (e.g. cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) or cobalt-chromium-tungsten (Co-Cr-W) alloy) to fabricate the custom impression trays, bite-raising appliances, dental models, implants, crowns, bridges, and frameworks for removable dentures [4, 5]. Barazanchi et al. [6] reported that as compared to the Co-Cr alloy parts manufactured by conventional milling, a higher bonding capacity with porcelain was observed in the SLS-built Co-Cr alloy parts. The blocks of hard ceramic can be used to create the strong crowns and implants for the dental restoration, using the 3D printing technique.
In the current work, the surface characterization of the Co-Cr-W alloy parts produced for dental application by the 3D laser metal fusion technology is studied. The plane specimens (Co 59%, Cr 25%, W 9.5%, Mo 3.5%, and Si 1%) were printed using an industrial Sisma Mysint100 Dual Laser machine at 90° inclinations to the layering. The studied specimens were printed in continuous laser mode using a laser power of 130 W, a laser scanning speed of 600 mm/s, and a laser beam 55 μm in diameter. The surface texture and chemical composition were evaluated by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structural parameters and residual stress in the near-surface layer were estimated by X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
3D printing technologies such as a laser stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), selective laser sintering (SLS), and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are mainly used in field of prosthetic dentistry in recent years [2]. In particular, the powder bed fusion process works on the principle of selectively melting layer by layer metal powder using a laser beam or electron beam [3]. The typical biomaterials used are mainly resins, ceramics or biocompatible metals and their alloys (e.g. cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) or cobalt-chromium-tungsten (Co-Cr-W) alloy) to fabricate the custom impression trays, bite-raising appliances, dental models, implants, crowns, bridges, and frameworks for removable dentures [4, 5]. Barazanchi et al. [6] reported that as compared to the Co-Cr alloy parts manufactured by conventional milling, a higher bonding capacity with porcelain was observed in the SLS-built Co-Cr alloy parts. The blocks of hard ceramic can be used to create the strong crowns and implants for the dental restoration, using the 3D printing technique.
In the current work, the surface characterization of the Co-Cr-W alloy parts produced for dental application by the 3D laser metal fusion technology is studied. The plane specimens (Co 59%, Cr 25%, W 9.5%, Mo 3.5%, and Si 1%) were printed using an industrial Sisma Mysint100 Dual Laser machine at 90° inclinations to the layering. The studied specimens were printed in continuous laser mode using a laser power of 130 W, a laser scanning speed of 600 mm/s, and a laser beam 55 μm in diameter. The surface texture and chemical composition were evaluated by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structural parameters and residual stress in the near-surface layer were estimated by X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
Ключові слова
3D printing, laser powder bed fusion process, Co-Cr alloy, dental implants
Посилання
References
1. J. Anderson, J. Wealleans, and J. Ray, Endodontic applications of 3D printing, International Endodontic Journal. Vol. 51 – 2018. – pp. 1005–1018.
2. R. Singh, S. Singh, and M. Hashmi, Implant materials and their processing technologies, in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering. – 2016. – pp. 1–31.
3. D.A. Lesyk, S. Martinez, O.O. Kasianenko, V.V. Dzhemelinskyi, A. Lamikiz, Prospects for cardiovascular stents production by selective laser melting, Proc. International Scientific and Technical Conference of Young Scientists and Students "Youth Innovations in Mechanical Engineering" 2020. – Kyiv, 2020.
4. L. Hitzler, F. Alifui-Segbaya, P. Williams, B. Heine, M. Heitzmann, W. Hall, M. Merkel, and A. Ochsner, Additive manufacturing of cobalt-based dental alloys: Analysis of microstructure and physicomechanical properties, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 2018 – 2019. – 8213023.
5. S.H. Sun, Y. Koizumi, S. Kurosu, Y.P. Li, and A. Chiba, Phase and grain size inhomogeneity and their influences on creep behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloy additive manufactured by electron beam melting, Acta Materialia. Vol. 86 – 2015. – pp. 305–318.
6. A Barazanchi, K.C. Li, B. Al-Amleh, K. Lyons, and J.N. Waddell, Adhesion of porcelain to three-dimensionally printed and soft milled cobalt chromium, Journal of Prosthodontic Research . Vol. 64 – 2020. – pp. 120–127.
1. J. Anderson, J. Wealleans, and J. Ray, Endodontic applications of 3D printing, International Endodontic Journal. Vol. 51 – 2018. – pp. 1005–1018.
2. R. Singh, S. Singh, and M. Hashmi, Implant materials and their processing technologies, in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering. – 2016. – pp. 1–31.
3. D.A. Lesyk, S. Martinez, O.O. Kasianenko, V.V. Dzhemelinskyi, A. Lamikiz, Prospects for cardiovascular stents production by selective laser melting, Proc. International Scientific and Technical Conference of Young Scientists and Students "Youth Innovations in Mechanical Engineering" 2020. – Kyiv, 2020.
4. L. Hitzler, F. Alifui-Segbaya, P. Williams, B. Heine, M. Heitzmann, W. Hall, M. Merkel, and A. Ochsner, Additive manufacturing of cobalt-based dental alloys: Analysis of microstructure and physicomechanical properties, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 2018 – 2019. – 8213023.
5. S.H. Sun, Y. Koizumi, S. Kurosu, Y.P. Li, and A. Chiba, Phase and grain size inhomogeneity and their influences on creep behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloy additive manufactured by electron beam melting, Acta Materialia. Vol. 86 – 2015. – pp. 305–318.
6. A Barazanchi, K.C. Li, B. Al-Amleh, K. Lyons, and J.N. Waddell, Adhesion of porcelain to three-dimensionally printed and soft milled cobalt chromium, Journal of Prosthodontic Research . Vol. 64 – 2020. – pp. 120–127.